Abstract:
ABSTRACT
We developed a mathematical model based on a system of ordinary differential
equations to explore the dynamics of typhoid fever sickness, taking into account
the delay caused by false negative diagnosis. Typhoid fever continues to be a
significant public health problem in a number of countries, particularly devel-
oping countries. Typhoid fever, for example, has been classified among the top
twenty illnesses in Ghana, accounting for approximately 0.92 percent of hospital
admissions. An epidemiological model was developed to determine the impact
of delay caused by false negative diagnosis in the spread and treatment dynam-
ics of the disease. Protected (P), Susceptible (S), Infected (I), Delayed (D), and
Treated (T) classes were established. The next generation technique was used to
calculate the basic reproduction number R0. Additionally, it was demonstrated
that for R0 < 1, the disease-free equilibrium points were both locally and glob-
ally asymptotically stable, whereas the endemic equilibrium points were locally
asymptotically stable. Having done numerical simulations, it was found that the
delay caused by false negative diagnosis significantly contributes to the spread
dynamics and also has an effect on treatment. As a result, we determined that
delays caused by false negative diagnoses should be kept to a minimum in order
to minimize disease spread.
