Abstract:
Normal erythrocytes have biconcave discoid shape that presents large surface area with higher cell surface to volume
ratio than that of spherical shape. This appears to allow membrane internalization required for Plasmodium falciparum
(Pf) invasion into erythrocytes. Indeed abnormal erythrocyte shape with decreased surface area to volume
ratio such as hereditary spherocytosis limits invasion of the parasite. In the present study, using several agents to
induce erythrocyte shape changes, we examined whether echinocytic shape change with membrane projections in
opposite direction to membrane internalizations and/or stomatocytic shape change with decreased surface area to
volume ratio that would be required for internalization, prevent Pf invasion. Having microscopically confirmed
echinocytic and/or stomatocytic shape changes and also measured extensibility using an ektacytometer of the treated
cells, subsequent Pf invasion assay was performed and parasitaemia determined. Both sodium flouride (NaF) and
phospholipase A2 (PLA2) induced echinocytic change whereas phospholipase D (PLD), sphingomyelinase (SMase)
and chlorpromazine (CPZ) caused stomatocytic change with decreased extensibility of erythrocytes. In both situations,
Pf invasion was prevented, indicating that biconcave discoid shape of normal erythrocytes with high surface to
volume ratio is required for membrane internalization when Pf invades into erythrocytes.
