Changing Dynamics of Coastal Lagoons: A Case Study of the Fosu and the Essei Lagoons in Ghana

Abstract

Coastal lagoons globally suffer from persistent environmental degradation due to myriad anthropogenic and natural factors. Hence management of lagoons is most effective when it is based on a sound scientific understanding of the causes such as the distribution of physico-chemical and biodiversity parameters. Using Fosu and Essei Lagoons in Ghana as a case, this study investigated the changing dynamics of coastal lagoons in the central employed to assess the ecological status of the lagoons, using results of field investigations, stakeholder in-depth interviews, laboratory analyses, GIS and remote sensing techniques. The results revealed a wide range of factors affecting the changing dynamics of the physical features of the Fosu and the Essei Lagoons. Natural and anthropogenic factors included sewage discharges from domestic and industrial areas, urban surface and agricultural run-offs and from the action of sea waves and tides. There were also over-laps in the management of the lagoons. A bottom-up approach to coastal lagoons management in Ghana has therefore been recommended. Traditional authorities have been given the power to regulate or manage water resources in collaboration with other stakeholders. In this case, scientific knowledge and local knowledge should be applied simultaneously or synergistically to ensure sustainable use and management of the lagoons.