Abstract:
Iodine deficiency causes stunted physical and mental growth as well as infertility,
lethargy and cognitive impairment. Although iodine deficiency is endemic in most
countries and is therefore a public health issue, it is preventable through adequate
intake of iodine in diet. Recent global data estimated that 1.88 billion people are
at risk of iodine deficiency with 241 million children taking inadequate iodine
in diet. Majority of these children with inadequate dietary iodine intake lives in
Africa and South/South-East Asia. Gains have been made towards the eradication
of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) through the universal salt iodisation (USI)
programme which has ensured greater coverage of iodine intake throughout
the world. In developing countries however, the perennial problem of weaker
institutions means that much needs to be done if the goal of eradicating IDDs
are to be realized. This mini-review looks at what steps could be undertaken to
maximize the odds of eradicating IDD through food fortification, strengthening
of regulatory institutions, empowering small-scale salt manufacturers and
conscientization of the populace to patronise not only iodised salt but also
iodine-fortified foods
