Assessment of Pesticide Use and Impacts Among Smallholder Rice Farmers in the Upper East Region, Ghana

Abstract

This study conducted an analysis among 388 smallholder rice farmers in the Upper East region, aiming to evaluate pesticide application practices and associated awareness. The research unveiled awareness of potential health risks associated with pesticides among the participants. The analysis revealed that diverse educational levels were observed among the farmers, with 33% having primary education and 27% admitting to not reading pesticide labels before use. The statistics indicated a higher utilisation of nose masks (70%) compared to protective coveralls (45%), implying potential inadequacies in protective measures during pesticide application. In addition, the study analysed the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) values of various pesticides. The analysis revealed that Lambda, exhibiting a lower overall impact (EIQ 9.6), posed a higher risk to the ecosystem. Conversely, Dursban showcased a higher potential impact (EIQ 36.1) across all domains, particularly on the ecosystem. Furthermore, Confidor exhibited notably higher potential environmental impact (EIQ 50.4) compared to Lambda, emphasising the necessity for cautious usage. Additionally, the study focused on on how biochar contributes in reducing pesticide concentrations in soils. The results highlighted efficacy of rice husk biochar, notably the 1% rice husk effectively reduced pesticide concentrations in the soil. These findings underscore the need for targeted education, improved practices, and the potential application of biochar to ensure safer and more sustainable agricultural approaches among smallholder rice farmers in the region.