Antibiotic sensitivity profiles and resistant genes of staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nasopharynx of children in cape coast, Ghana

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium with global significance, is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, sparking considerable interest in understanding its interaction with humans. As a significant opportunistic pathogen, it can cause mild and severe infections. Up to 50% of individuals may asymptomatically carry S. aureus in their anterior nares, serving as a reservoir for contact transmission and endogenous infections. Children, especially those in overcrowded school and preschool environments, play a crucial role in the community dispersal of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. Unfortunately, treating staphylococcal infections has become challenging due to multiple drug resistance (MDR). This research, conducted in Cape Coast, Ghana, aims to assess the carriage rate and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus isolated from 880 nasopharyngeal samples from children. Results showed a carriage rate of 16.5%, with age being a significant risk factor. Of the isolates, 37.2% exhibited MDR, including 29.7% methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Molecular analyses revealed genotypic-phenotypic correlations for antibiotic resistance, and specific resistance genes were identified. These findings provide critical data on S. aureus carriage in children and inform empirical treatment approaches for S. aureus infections. The study emphasizes the importance of prudent antibiotic use in combating antibiotic resistance.