Effect Of Diabetes And Malaria Comorbidity On Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses Against Malaria Vaccine Candidate Antigens

Abstract

Diabetes impairs the capacity of the immune system to combat liver and blood-stage parasites as well as increases the falciparum parasites' access to glucose. Glycosylation can make antibodies produced by vaccination or natural exposure less biologically effective. Type 2 Diabetes is linked to lowered humoral and T-cell immunity.This research looked at how diabetes and malaria affect the production of antibodies against malaria vaccine candidate antigens.A case control study consisting of 146 individuals took part in the study, of whom (n=40) had diabetes only, (n=27) had both diabetes and malaria, (n=41) had malaria only, and (n=38) did not have any of these conditions. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum and parasitaemia was determined using malaria RDT and the light microscope. Serum samples were examined for the levels of antibody reactions against six malaria vaccine candidate antigens namely; MSP3, GLURP -R2, AMA-1, MSP1, GLURP -R0, and CSP.The type 2 diabetes and malaria comorbidity group significantly recorded higher Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia (10815.8±2540.0, p = 0.02) than the malaria only group (1349.0±1373.6). Increasing age was significantly associated with increase in IgG response against MSP3 (r2=0.027, p = 0.048). Individuals with malaria and type 2 diabetes had significantly higher antibody level to GLURP-R2 (β=0.47,95% CI=[0.10-0.83], p =0.013), GLURP-RO ( β=0.36,95% CI =[0.03-0.68], P =0.034 ) and MSP1 ( β=0.35,95% CI=[0.09-0.61], P=0.008) compared to the negative group.This research revealed that individuals with T2DM and malaria comorbidity had an increased antibody responses (IgG) against the malaria vaccine candidate GLURP-R2, GLURP-RO and MSP1.It was found that people with comorbid malaria and T2DM had significantly higher amounts of parasitaemia.