Indigenous Hairstyles as Asante Art and Culture

Abstract

The systematic and Afrocological description of indigenous hairstyles has gained unparalleled attention among scholars. However, the literature on hairstyles have overlooked the history and art components of indigenous hairstyling among Asantes. In an attempt to unravel how the art forms of indigenous hairstyles can be used as a form of social communication, I relied on qualitative research, making use of ethnographic design which required the use of direct observation and in-depth interview methods to elicit data from chiefs, queens, indigenous priests and priestesses, offsprings of deities’ (abosomma), executioners, palace servants who had groomed their hairs in indigenous Asante hairstyles. Other categories of respondents included artists, a historian, a curator, a senior staff at the Centre for National Culture in Kumasi, hairstylists and barbers. In all, the fifty-five (55) participants who were purposively sampled were interviewed. The findings of the study revealed that indigenous hairstyles exist in various artforms like sculptures and body art. These forms possess unique histories, elements and principles of art. They also reveal varied identities and cultural symbolisms. However, as a result of exposure to other cultures and the influence of modernity, many Asantes are swayed to embrace modern forms of hairstyles with their associated aesthetics of which some are detrimental to individuals’ health. Conclusively, indigenous hairstyles help in identity formation and social communication. The indigenous hair dyes are also of high health benefits. Therefore, ways to preserve and transmit knowledge on indigenous Asante hairstyles were recommended.