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Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activity of young and old leaves of Vernonia amygdalina

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dc.contributor.author Asante, Du-Bois
dc.contributor.author Henneh, Isaac Tabiri
dc.contributor.author Acheampong, Desmond Omane
dc.contributor.author Kyei, Foster
dc.contributor.author Adokoh, Christian Kweku
dc.contributor.author Ofori, Eric Gyamerah
dc.contributor.author Domey, Nelson Kwabla
dc.contributor.author Adakudugu, Emmanuel
dc.contributor.author Tangella, Lokeswari Prathyusha
dc.contributor.author Ameyaw, Elvis Ofori
dc.date.accessioned 2023-10-20T15:39:40Z
dc.date.available 2023-10-20T15:39:40Z
dc.date.issued 2019
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9779
dc.description.abstract inflammation, pain and fever. However, the efficacy of young and old leaves for treating these ailments have not been compared till date. Aim: To ascertain the effect of young and old leaves of VA in managing inflammation, pain and fever. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts of young (EthYL) and old (EthOL) leaves of VA were performed. The anti-inflammatory activity of orally administered EthYL and EthOL (50–200 mg/kg) and Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) were evaluated in carrageenan-induced inflammation model in rats. Antipyretic activity of EthYL, EthOL and Aspirin (25 mg/kg) were assessed in the Baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia model. Anti-allodynic effect of both extracts were evaluated by inserting inflamed paws of rats in cold water. Antinociceptive property of the extracts were assessed using tail withdrawal and formalin-induced nociception test. Histopathological examination of the paws was performed, in addition to formalin test to understand the possible mechanism of action of the extracts. Negative control rats received 2 ml/kg normal saline in all tests. Results: The amount of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolics were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in EthOL than EthYL, while saponins were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in EthYL than EthOL. The antioxidant ability and total antioxidant capacity were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in EthYL than EthOL. However, this was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the anti-oxidant activity of Ascorbic acid. A dose-dependent increase in anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antinociceptive properties were observed in both EthYL and EthOL, similar to the standard drugs. Mast cell degranulation accompanied by vasodilatation and high leukocytosis were observed in the negative control, but were markedly low in extract treated groups. Both extracts mediated their analgesic effect through opioidergic and nitric oxide pathways with EthYL additionally implicating the muscarinic cholinergic system. Conclusion: Although both EthYL and EthOL alleviate inflammation, pyrexia and nociception, EthYL of VA was found to be more potent than EthOL. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy en_US
dc.subject Cold allodynia en_US
dc.subject Edema en_US
dc.subject Paw withdrawal en_US
dc.subject Pyrexia en_US
dc.subject Mast cells en_US
dc.subject Vernonia amygdalina en_US
dc.subject Diclofenac en_US
dc.subject Aspirin en_US
dc.title Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activity of young and old leaves of Vernonia amygdalina en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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