Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), has become a public health concern as it has been reported to
cause adverse outcomes such as kidney failure and premature death. This cross sectional study compared
the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
(KDOQI) guidelines in assessing the prevalence of CKD in Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods: We consecutively sampled a cross-section of 202 T2DM patients from the Ho municipality in
the Volta region (Ghana). Structured pre-tested questionnaires were administered to obtain information
on gender, age, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, medication used, duration
on medication, and duration of diabetes. Serum creatinine and urine protein were estimated using standard
protocols and CKD was classified according to KDIGO and KDOQI guidelines.
Results: The prevalence of CKD was 63.4% and 58.4% using the KDIGO and KDOQI guidelines respectively.
The prevalence of mildly decreased renal function or worse (eGFR < 60/ml/min/1.73 m2) was 10.4% for
KDIGO guideline and 7.9% for KDOQI guidelines with an excellent agreement between both definitions
showing bias = 0.129, 95%CI = ( 0.17 to 0.08) on Bland-Altman analysis. Participants older than 70
years were more likely to have CKD when KDIGO criteria was used (P = 0.018). The prevalence of albuminuria
was 47.0% with 21.9% presenting with 1+ and 2+ grades.
Conclusion: KDIGO guideline estimates higher prevalence of CKD than KDOQI guidelines in the same
study population. KDIGO guideline might help in early detection and proper classification of CKD which
will illicit stage-specific treatment.
