Self-reported adverse reactions associated with topical ophthalmic medication use: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate self- reported adverse reactions associated with the use of topical ophthalmic medications. A cross- sectional survey, involving 500 ophthalmic patients recruited from three eye care facilities in the Central Region of Ghana was conducted. A structured questionnaire was administered to participants to collect data on demographics, name of drug, dosage form, and dosing frequen- cy of ophthalmic medications used, as well as adverse reactions experienced. The pHs of fre- quently prescribed ophthalmic medications to the patients were measured. The prevalence of reported adverse drug reaction [predominantly burning sensation (55%), blurry vision (22%) and itching (13%)] was 44.8%. More Females reported adverse drug reactions than males (χ2=26.24, P<0.001). The aged reported more adverse reaction than others (P<0.01). Patients using cream ophthalmic medications reported more adverse drug reactions than those using other dosage forms (χ2=8.80, P=0.024). The pHs of the commonly prescribed ophthalmic medications measured ranged between 4.44- 7.37 (desired: 6.6-7.8). There is a high preva- lence of reported symptoms of adverse drug reactions among this clinical population attrib- utable to the acid/base status of the drug agent.