Abstract:
Ephrins are ligands of Eph receptors (Ephs); both of which are sorted into two classes, A and B.
There are five types of ephrin-As (ephrin-A1–5) and three types of ephrin-Bs (ephrin-B1–3). Also,
there are 10 types of EphAs (EphA1–10) and six types of EphBs (EphB1–6). Binding of ephrins to
the Eph receptors activates signaling cascades that regulate several biological processes such as
cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. Clarifica-
tion of their roles in the female reproductive system is crucial to understanding the physiology and
pathology of this system. Such knowledge will also create awareness regarding the importance of
these molecules in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic medicine. Hence, we have discussed the
involvement of these molecules in the physiological and pathological events that occur within the
female reproductive system. The evidence so far suggests that the ephrins and the Eph receptors
modulate folliculogenesis, ovulation, embryo transport, implantation, and placentation. Abnormal
expression of some of these molecules is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome, ovarian
cancer, tubal pregnancy, endometrial cancer, uterine leiomyoma (fibroids), cervical cancer, and
preeclampsia, suggesting the need to utilize these molecules in the clinical setting. To enhance
a quick development of this gradually emerging field in female reproductive medicine, we have
highlighted some “gaps in knowledge” that need prospective investigation.
