Oxidative Stress among Ghanaian Patients presenting with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Dyslipidaemia and lipid peroxidation are known risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study assessed the lipid profile and oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation in CKD patient, using the oxidative stress marker, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants; Vitamins A and C, Cata- lase and Uric Acid. The study population included 146 individuals with mean age 50.18 ± 1.14 with various CKD, s and who were undialysed. Another 80 healthy subjects without kidney pathology but of similar age and sex distribution were used as controls. With the exception of HDL-C, which showed no significant difference when CKD patients were compared with controls (1.35±0.0 5 vs 1.61±0.20, p= 0.2114, total cholesterol (TC) (4.54±0.13 vs 5.63±0.13, p=0.0274), low density lipopro- tein cholesterol (LDL-C) (106.30 ± 4.00 vs 126.30± 5.57, p=0.0134), and triglycerides (TG) (1.52± 0.08 vs 1.84±0.09, p=0.0086) increased significantly in the CKD patients. Serum MDA increased significantly (1.22 ± 0.10 vs 2.66 ± 0.07, p=0.0001) in the CKD patients as compared to the controls and increased with the severity of the condition. Vitamin A (9.76±3.03 vs 16.1±5.21, p=0.0012), Cat- alase (57.49±1.18 vs 71.98±2.91, p=0.0001) and Uric Acid (266.68±11.00 vs 333.90±10.02, p=<0.0001) increased significantly in the CKD subjects compared to controls, whilst vitamin C (0.54±0.02 vs. 0.34±0.05, p=0.0001) decreased significantly among the CKD subjects. Dyslipidaemia and in- creased oxidative stress with abnormal antioxidant levels are common in CKD patients. Therapeu- tic regimens aimed at strengthening the antioxidant defenses besides normalizing lipid concentra- tions would protect CKD patients against oxidative stress and any related complications.