Abstract:
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (syn. C. MEDICA var. ACIDA Brandis) (family: Rutaceae) essential oil is one
of the cheapest oils found in local markets. Although, it is generally accepted as non-toxic to vital organs and
cells, majority of people are cynical about it usage. Herein, the present study reports the chemical composition
and in vivo oral toxicity study of unripe C. aurantifolia essential oil found in Ghana. The toxicity of C. aurantifolia
essential oil extract was investigated via oral administration using two methods: The acute toxicity single dose
study (SDS) and the repeated dose method. The oil exhibited no acute toxicity but in the sub-chronic studies, the
effects was dose and time-dependent. Chemical profile investigation of the oil showed 9 constituent of phyto-
chemicals (Germacrene isomers (61.2%), Pineen (14%), Linalool dimmer (2.9%), Bornane (11%), Citral (2.9%),
Anethole (1.5%), Anisole (1.1%), Safrole (0.3%) and Demitol (0.6%)). Histopathological studies revealed con-
ditions such as necrosis, edema and inflammatory reaction in the liver, spleen and kidneys. Marginal upsurge of
biochemical parameters above normal and elevated levels of lymphocytes (35.20–46.40 g/dL) demonstrated
mild toxicity among the 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose groups at the sub-chronic stage. Low levels of he-
moglobin (13.60 to 12.70 g/dL), MCV (34.20–24.0 fL), MCH (40.20–36.40 g/dL) along with high levels of liver
enzymes confirmed the mild toxicity of the oil at sub-chronic stage. These results demonstrate that, despite
consideration of lime essential oil as safe, it can have mild hematotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects.
